Apple has a QR code-like pattern called App Clips, which is circular. It only displays corresponding information when scanned with an iPhone camera. There are detailed official documents explaining how to create this pattern, available at: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/app_clips/creating_app_clip_codes/creating_app_clip_codes_with_the_app_clip_code_generator
However, there is no official documentation on how third parties can scan and recognize the information in App Clips. Like QR codes, there are many third-party applications that can read the information in QR codes, but there is no instruction on how to retrieve information from App Clips patterns.
App Clips image:
